Timeline of lighting technology

Timeline of lighting technology

Antiquity

• 70,000 BCE A hollow rock, shell, or other natural found object was filled with moss or a similar material that was soaked in animal fat and then ignited.
• c. 4500 BCE oil lamps
• c. 3000 BCE candles are invented.
• c. 900 CE Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) invents kerosene lamp^[1]
• c. 1000 The first street lamps appear in Cordoba, Al-Andalus^[2]

18th century

• 1780 Aimé Argand invents central draught fixed oil lamp
• 1784 Argand adds glass chimney to central draught lamp
• 1792 William Murdoch begins experimenting with gas lighting and probably produced the first gas light in this year.

19th century

• 1800 French watchmaker Bernard Guillaume Carcel overcomes the disadvantages of the Argand-type lamps with his clockwork fed Carcel lamp.
• 1800-1803 Humphry Davy remarks first carbon arc when using Voltaic piles(Batteriey) for his electrolse experiments, first electric lamp, over 10000 lm and thus 1000times brighter than candles arc lamp, arc lighting, demonstrated to the public at the Royal Society 1809 ^[3]
• 1802 William Murdoch illuminated the exterior of the Soho Foundry with gas.
• 1805 Philips and Lee's Cotton Mill, Manchester was the first industrial factory to be fully lit by gas.
• 1813 National Heat and Light Company formed by Fredrich Winzer (Winsor)
• 1815 Humphry Davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
• 1835 James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a light bulb based electric lighting system to the citizens of Dundee.
• 1840 modern kerosene lamps (oil lamps that burn fuel from petroleum)
• 1841 Arc-lighting used as experimental public lighting in Paris
• 1853 Ignacy Lukasiewicz invents kerosene lamp
• 1856 glassblower Heinrich Geissler confines the electric arc in a tube.
• 1867 A. E. Becquerel demonstrates the first fluorescent lamp
• 1875 Henry Woodward patents an electric light bulb.
• 1876 Pavel Yablochkov invents the Yablochkov candle, the first practical carbon arc lamp, for public street lighting in Paris.
• 1879 Thomas Edison and Joseph Wilson Swan patent the carbon-thread incandescent lamp. It lasted 40 hours.
• 1880 Edison produced a 16-watt lightbulb that lasts 1500 hours.
• c. 1889 Incandescent gas mantle invented, revolutionises gas lighting.
• 1893 GE introduces first commercial fully enclosed carbon arc lamp, sealed in glass globes, lasts 100h , 10times longer than hitherto carbon arc lamps ^[4]
• 1893 Nikola Tesla uses cordless low pressure gas discharge lamps, powered by a high frequency electric field, to light his laboratory. He displays fluorescent lamps and gas discharge lamps at the World Columbian Exposition.
• 1894 D. McFarlane Moore creates the Moore tube, precursor of electric gas-discharge lamps.
• 1897 Walther Nernst invents and patents his incandescent lamp, based on solid state electrolytes.

20th century

• 1901 Peter Cooper Hewitt demonstrates the mercury-vapor lamp.
• 1910 Georges Claude demonstrates neon lighting at the Paris Motor Show.
• 1925 The first internal frosted lightbulbs were produced.
• 1926 Edmund Germer patents the fluorescent lamp.
• 1938 Lightolier, Artcraft Fluorescent Lighting Corporation, Globe, fluorescent fixture making.^[5]

• 1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum light-emitting diode
• 1981 Philips sells their first Compact Fluorescent Energy Saving Lamps, with integrated conv.ballast
• 1985 Osram answers with the first electronic Energy Saving Lamps to be very successfull ^[6]
• 1986 The "White" SON Sodium vapor lamp is introduced.

• 1991 Philips invents a fluorescent lightbulb that lasts 60,000 hours. The bulb uses magnetic induction.
• 1992-94 a team at Nela Parc, Cleveland, GE, with Jack Strok create Ceramic Metal Halide lamps CMH, Philips follows under W.de Kock, calls their versions CDM Ceramic Discharge Metal, sales begin 1994, this technology improves to be the superior lighting technology with up to 150 lm/W with good color rendering and 20.000h life at very high lumen maintainance [4]
• 1994 the new T5 lamps with coool tip are introduced to become the leading fluorescent lamps with up to 117 lm/W with good color rendering. These and almoast all new fluorescent lamps are to be operated at electronic ballsts only. ^[7]
• 1994 First commercial sulfur lamp.
• 1995 Shuji Nakamura at Nichia labs invents first blue and, with additional Phosphor, white LED, and starts a LED boom. ^[8]

References